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They Call me Jeeg: How the Italian Cinema Can
Be Exportable and Compete with the Whole
World Reinventing Itself
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Degree of
Master of Music of Scoring for Film, Television and Video Games
Supervisor: Lucio Godoy
by: Massimiliano Mechelli
Berklee College of Music-Berklee Valencia
July 2017
Table
of
Contents
Introduction
........................................................................................................................
1
Plot
..........................................................................................................................................
2
Gabriele
Mainetti:
Director/Composer
Biography
................................................
3
Michele
Braga:
Composer
Biography
..........................................................................
3
Movie
Analysis
....................................................................................................................
4
“Main
Titles”
.................................................................................................................................
5
Cue
Analysis
...............................................................................................................................................
5
“Non
Ti
Piace
Bianco?”
..............................................................................................................
7
Cue
Analysis
...............................................................................................................................................
8
“Corri
Ragazzo
Laggiù”
.............................................................................................................
8
Cue
Analysis
...............................................................................................................................................
9
“Zingaro”
characterized
by
80s/90s
music
........................................................................
9
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
10
“Casa,
Budini
e
Pornazzi”
......................................................................................................
11
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
11
“Dove
Sta
Papà”
........................................................................................................................
13
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
13
“Enzo
e
Alessia”
Theme
.........................................................................................................
15
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
15
“Lontani”
.....................................................................................................................................
16
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
17
“Obitorio
e
Canile”
...................................................................................................................
17
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
17
Motel
Scene
and
the
Suburbia
Topic
.................................................................................
19
“Sugli
Argini
del
Tevere”
.......................................................................................................
20
“Ti
Stringerò”:
The
Gypsy
arrives
to
Nunzia’s
House
..................................................
20
“Di
Nuovo
Solo”/
“Hiroshi
Shiba”
.......................................................................................
21
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
22
“Acchiappa
lo
Zingaro”
..........................................................................................................
22
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
23
“Conto
alla
Rovescia”
..............................................................................................................
24
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
24
“Super
Eroe”
..............................................................................................................................
26
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
26
Production
and
Prizes
...........................................................................................................
28
Appendix
A.
Interview
with
Michele
Braga
............................................................
29
Appendix
B.
Themes’
Transcriptions
.......................................................................
31
References
.........................................................................................................................
33
ii
Introduction
The Italian Cinema is well-known all over the world for the famous movement
called “Neorealism”, which was the Golden Age of Italian cinema. Rossellini, De
Sica and Visconti were some of the most important directors from this movement.
They focused on lower-class characters using amateur actors and working with small
budgets to show a clear picture of the society after World War II. The first movie that
caught the world’s attention was De Sica’s Bicycle Thieves one of the best examples
of Neorealism. Furthermore, one of the most important Italian directors who did the
apprenticeship during the Italian Golden Age was Federico Fellini, who directed
movies like La Dolce Vita and 8 ½, which spread internationally but particularly
gained traction in the United States, where people fell in love with his masterpieces.
After La Dolce Vita, the Italian Cinema, apart from a few exceptions, did not sway
from producing dramas and comedies. Even Sorrentino who won the Oscar for The
Great Beauty in 2014 did not make a change within the Italian Cinema. The director
recalled that Fellini’s style had been successful in the United States. This success was
not only because it was a great movie but, because it reminded them of the neorealist
period, which was the idea they always had of Italy.
However, Italy mutated a lot since the 60s: It had different politicians like
Andreotti for the “Democristiani”, Craxi for the “Socialists” and Berlusconi for
“Forza Italia”, which changed this country drastically. Furthermore, Mafia revealed
itself with the attacks during the 90’s killing magistrates like Falcone and Borsellino.
Moreover, Berlusconi who has been the Italian prime minster for many years created
the “Trash” culture on his televisions, emptying everything of values. Following ten
years ago the famous writer Saviano wrote about the Neapolitan Mafia called
1
“Camorra” and helped the people become aware of the existence of this kind of
Mafia. After all these events, Italy changed a lot inevitably creating a new reality that
started to be narrated through series and movies like Gomorrah. Which was
nominated by the New York Times as one of the best three TV series in the world in
2016. Whereas, They Call Me Jeeg won 7 David di Donatello in 2016.
Gomorrah, directed by Solimma, Cumencini, Cuppellini and Gallesi also
invented by Saviano, is a raw and cruel story of Naples being infected by Camorra the
Neapolitan mafia. Where there are not good but only evil characters, at the beginning
of the first series the only person who could be identified as the good guy actually
turns up as the most evil one, destroying all audience’s hopes for having a hero
amongst this cruelty.
Another original way to describe the reality has been found by Mainetti,
director of They Call me Jeeg Robot awarded with 6 “David di Donatello”. This is an
original movie, that uses the “escamotage” of an Italian superhero and a villain raised
in the “Trash”culture to talk about some topics, all of which are part of our reality.
Plot
Enzo is a small crook, who lives in Rome in a criminal neighbourhood called
“Tor Bella Monaca”. One day, escaping from the police after having stolen a swatch,
he jumps into the Tiber where he gets infected by a mysterious liquid from which he
gains superpowers. Although he does not realize he gains superhero powers, he gets
involved in a criminal mission organized by the main villain called the Gypsy.
Unfortunately, something goes wrong during this task and Enzo will have to deal with
the Gypsy. Eventually, he falls in love with the daughter of one of the villain
affiliates, who has an unruly life.
2
Gabriele
Mainetti:
Director/Composer
Biography
Gabriele Mainetti, director, actor and film composer, was born in Rome in
1976. He attended several courses of directing, cinematography and Screen Play New
York, at the “Tisch School of Arts”. He began his career in the film industry in 1998
playing important roles in different movies and TV shows. The main important role
he had was Il Cielo in una stanza. However his true passion was directing and he
made two successful short movies like: Basette (2008) and Tiger Boy (2012). Basette
participated to many festivals like “Locarno Film Festival” and “Nastri D’Argento
2008. Whereas, Tiger Boy received many awards like: the Nastri D’Argento 2013 as
Best Short Film, the Best Short Film nomination at the Globi D’Oro 2012 and at the
David di Donatello 2012. In 2015, Mainetti directed They Call me Jeeg, which won 7
David of Donatello awards after obtaining 16 nominations.1
Michele
Braga:
Composer
Biography
Michele Braga is a versatile self-taught musician, who was born in 1977. After
choosing to work as a composer for film, he improved his composition and
orchestration studies with Alessandro Cusatelli. His first collaboration with Gabriele
Mainetti starts in 2008 with the short movie Basettte, also composing the piece during
the credits. In 2009 he won the award “Best Soundtrack” at the “International Film
Festival of Cyprus”. In 2014 received the nomination as the “Best Soundtrack” for
s.v. “Gabriele Mainetti Biography”, accessed June 10, 2017,
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriele_Mainetti
1
IMDB,
3
Piu Buio di Mezzanotte. In 2015 Braga composed the soundtrack of They Call me
Jeeg along with Gabriele Mainetti. 2
Movie
Analysis
Enzo is a small thief, who lives in the roman suburbia and he sporadically
works for one of the men of the Gypsy the main villain of the movie. In the first scene
the camera moves above the centre of Rome while Enzo breaths frantically (see figure
1).
Figure 1. 1st Scene “Main Titles”
At some point, Enzo comes into the shot running away with a Rolex from two
incognito policemen called “Falchi”. This scene is atypical because there is chasing
but it is not accompanied by music. The director chose to focus the attention on
Enzo’s breath placing it loudly in front of the mix. It makes the audience feel as if
they are running with him, making the scene more effective.
Enzo arrives to the river and he hides into a floating industrial container. Then
policemen arrive too, thus his only way to escape would be diving into the water. So
2
IMDB.
S.v.
“Michele
Braga
Biography”
accessed
June
10,
2017,
http://www.michelebraga.com/biografia/
4
he finally jumps into the Tiber and they are not be able to find him so they decide
leave the place.
After they leave he tries to get back into the container but he falls climbing on
chemical drums, which he breaks. The liquid inside covers him completely and the
music titles start right when he gets swallowed into the river.
“Main
Titles”
Cue
Analysis
First
Part
of
the
Main
Titles
The
cue
starts
with
a
plucked
instrument,
which
vaguely
mentions
the
theme.
When
he
gets
back
on
the
floating
platform
(see
figure
2)
there
are
some
soundscaping
pads,
which
gives
the
harmony
of
the
piece.
Figure 2. Enzo gets out of the River during the main title
Suddenly, Enzo starts running and a distorted rotating arpeggiator comes in, in
order to add movement to the cue. When S. Peter Chapel gets into the shot the
audience can finally fully listen to the main theme for the first time in the movie.
5
Some other high pass pads join the cue, becoming part of the background while some
strings keep playing the theme. As soon as the title of the movie appears a mega horn
starts playing abruptly.
The scene moves into a bus where another more dynamic arpeggiator comes in
while the plucked instrument plays some parts of the main melody without playing
the whole thing. Once the audience sees the shot on the skyscrapers of the roman
suburbia (very relevant element of the movie) the cue starts lifting up with some
electronic percussion. At this point a piano jumps on playing another motive, which
will appear again later in the film. When there is the shot with the dark Enzo’s face
while he is walking in the street, some low strings start playing. The plucked
instrument combined with piano stop but the arpegiattors keeps staying there and a
riser links the first part to the second one, which will be set in Enzo’s house.
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in the
first section of the Main Titles layer wise:
•
1st Section: Main Titles
Table 1. Main Titles
Background
Middleground
Foreground
Pads
Arpeggiator
Plucked Instr
Low Strings
Mega Horn
High Strings
Electronic Perc.
Riser
Piano
High Pass Pads
Second
Part
of
the
Main
Titles
The scene moves into Enzo’s flat and the first shot is the television
transmitting the newscast about a terroristic attack that happened in Rome (another
6
important element in the movie). This second section sounds like a different cue but it
blends perfectly with the first one because of the apeggiators, which keep playing.
Now strings start acting the main role in the cue. Low strings play a counter melody
whereas high strings play long notes creating the harmony. The arpeggiator keeps
playing and the electronic percussions come in again, while he is throwing up. The
plucked instrument is far away in the mix now and the piano theme doubled by the
plucked instrument comes back just at the end of the cue. While the camera is focused
on the television, there is Enzo suffering in the bed and the harmony becomes
dissonant and the theme is not clear anymore. At the end, the cue goes up with some
riser and it ends on the quite suburbia shot at dawn.
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in
the second section of the Main Titles layer wise:
•
2nd Section:
Table 2. Main Titles
Background
Middleground
Foreground
Electronic Pec.
Arpeggiator
Piano
High Strings
Low Strings
Plucked (doubling the
theme)
Plucked
“Non
Ti
Piace
Bianco?”
At this point there is the villain in his shelter, who is planning some big trades
with a Camorra clan, held by Nunzia Lo Cosimo. The other members of the gang are
7
not happy about this move and one of them pays for his disobedience. At this point, it
is possible to notice the unbalanced mentality of the Gypsy, who grabs his new phone
and suddenly smashes the traitor’s head (see figure 3).
Figure 3. The Main Villain: “The Gipsy”
Cue
Analysis
This is a short cue but dark and idiomatic to introduce the main villain. There
are high and low strings moving like a wave creating a calm dark mood, also
preannouncing a storm coming. The cue starts after the villain gives back the phone
full of blood to one of his affiliates. It reminds me of the Revenant soundtrack, which
aimed for the same feeling.
“Corri
Ragazzo
Laggiù”
Enzo has been engaged for a criminal mission by one of the Gypsy’s affiliates.
They had to extract some drugs out of two African people coming by airplane from
their country. However one of them dies after suffering an epileptic attack so the
brother finds his revenge, killing the Gypsy’s affiliate and shooting Enzo, who falls
from the top of a building. He suddenly wakes up and he realizes he is still alive.
8
Cue
Analysis
The music starts when he wakes up, looking at the top of the building (see
figure 4).
Figure 4.
Enzo Realizes He is still Alive
A mid-range synth comes in and a bass synth joins right afterwards. Enzo
begins to run away and there is a shot of the sunset between the olive trees. Right at
that moment high strings start playing in the back of the mix. When Enzo fades away
in the forest the piano theme starts along with a low pass filtered arpeggiator. The cue
gives a feeling of hope because he is realizing he has super powers, moreover here the
theme is clear and hammering. However, the strings are smartly placed in the back
because they will act as the blend between this scene and the next scene.
“Zingaro”
characterized
by
80s/90s
music
In this movie there is a clear theme for the super hero and another one for the
couple. However there is no a theme for the villain, even if this character might be
considered the strongest one and somehow the star of the movie. The director and the
composer decided to give an identity to the villain throughout the selection of a few
9
Italian Pop songs from the 80s. This choice was brave and peculiar, but effective The
Gypsy is a person who was raised in crime and dirt but always aimed for leaving his
home to become famous. In fact he tried to get there, he was part of a popular Italian
channel called “Buona Domenica” but it soon became his biggest disappointment. He
failed and went back home for refuge, but he never gave up. Indeed the villain is the
embodiment of the Italian trash culture, the symbol of insignificant and fleeting
success.
Cue
Analysis
In this scene, it is possible to admire the Gypsy performing “Un’Emozione da
Poco” by Anna Oxa, for Nunzia Lo Cosimo birthday (the boss of the Neapolitan
gang) (see figure 5).
Figure 5.
The Gypsy Performing “Un’Emozione da Poco” by Anna Oxa
The completely instability of this character is shown clearly in this scene.
However, after his performance, one of his affiliates receives a call about the failed
mission, the guy immediately informs the Gypsy, who does not tell anything to
Nunzia. This will be the spark of the whole story.
10
“Casa,
Budini
e
Pornazzi”
Enzo coming back home meets Alessia, who asks him about her father. So
Enzo hides in his flat declaring that he does not know anything about what happened.
She is worried and does not stop knocking at his door. However, this is the longest
cue in the movie and it is in one of the most important moments: Enzo discovers his
super powers.
Cue
Analysis
Section
A
Enzo is in his bathroom and the music starts when he touches his own wound
while he looks at himself into the mirror. There are two low arpeggiators starting the
cue: The first one is low and the second one, which starts a bit later is an octave
higher. A piano playing suspended and mysterious phrases starts when there is a shot
of his reflection in the mirror. The instrument is placed far away in the mix and it all
helps to make the cue even more mysterious. Right afterwards when he bends
himself, the arpeggiators mention part of the theme. A low brassy synth comes in,
right when there is the shot from inside the bridge and imitates this kind of waves
movements, which appeared in the cue “Non Ti Piace Bianco”. Some low strings
come timidly in, while he is watching porn and eating his pudding. Although, since
when she starts ringing at the door they become more predominant until the cue
suddenly stops when he punches the door (see figure 6).
11
Figure 6.
Enzo Punches the main Door Realising of Having Super Powers
Section
B
Enzo actually breaks the door with his punch and Alessia runs away. While he
is looking at his hand, He realizes he has gained super powers. Some high strings join
the cue creating an intense suspense. However, he sees Alessia running away and
another more dynamic arpeggiator comes in, taking the lead of the cue. Enzo moves
closer to the heater and the piano comes back playing suspended phrases. He grabs
the radiator and while he is smashing it a fast arpeggiator jumps in, somehow acting
as a riser. Later an electronic kick becomes part of the cue with other synths building
up the whole cue.
Section
C
The music stops again when he is in the street going straight to the cash
machine. The arpeggiator now becomes much slower and its movement emulates a
beating heart creating an interesting tension. When he starts punching at the cash
machine other arpeggiators join the cue and it builds up a lot, until he takes away with
him the whole thing and the beating heart comes back again. The scene moves back in
the flat and the music drops while the piano keeps playing in Lydian mode to
12
maintain that kind of mystery. Instead the arpeggiator fades away and there is only
piano plus strings creating a mysterious fantasy mood. Suddenly, the audience can
hear Alessia screaming and a low synth comes back right before the end of the cue.
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in the
cue “Casa, Budini and Pornazzi”layer wise:
Table 3.
Casa Budini e Pornazzi
Background
Middleground
Foreground
Brassy Synth
Low Arpeggiators
Piano
Low Strings
Riser
High Strings
Electronic Kick
Synths
“Dove
Sta
Papà”
This a scene where the Gypsy gang goes to Alessia’s place to find her father.
So it is a moment full of tension because they threaten her with a blade. Suddenly
Enzo jumps into the room through the window and the biggest guy of Gypsy’s
affiliates punches him right into his face. The music starts exactly right there.
Cue
Analysis
A slow bassy arpeggiator starts the cue and it is followed by a brassy synth
that reminds me of composers who actually inspired Braga and Mainetti, as they
declared in an interview with Rolling Stone Italy. Such as John Carpenter and
Vangelis. It is also noticeble in the back of the mix a kind of metallic percussion,
which is reminiscent of the scene with surveillance cameras from The Girl with the
13
Dragon Tatoo by Reznor. A low synthesizer with an epic taste similar to a French
Horns sound, starts while Enzo is lifting the criminal up (see figure 7).
Figure 7. Enzo Lifts the biggest Guy from the Soil
Moreover, the composer uses it to mention the theme in a very smooth way. The
spectator also can notice a kind of rotator riser synced with Alessia’s gaze, full of
hope and dreaming, because her hero, her Jeeg has finally arrived. After Enzo throws
away the criminal, a more dynamic arpeggiator jumps on along with a classical piano
played in a low register, which reminds me a lot of “Vortex” a piece by Carpenter.
Braga also uses some fast downers in a smart way, giving heaviness to the cue
without blocking the whole movement. After Enzo annihilates the last criminal
everything stops except for the arpeggiators. Indeed a brighter one joins the cue and a
sound design effect accompanies the movement of the dragged body. At the end,
everything fades away smoothly after Enzo leaves the suffering criminal on the
ground.
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in the
cue “Dove Sta Papà”
layer wise.
14
Table 4.
Dove sta Papå?
Background
Middle Ground
Foreground
Bassy Arpeggiator
Dynamic Arpeg.
Piano
Metallic Percussion
Bright Arp
Brassy Synth
Low Synth
Riser
“Enzo
e
Alessia”
Theme
Enzo drives Alessia to the amusement park and at some point she sits in one of
the cabins of the ferris wheel. Thus Enzo in order to maker her feel better, he starts
pushing the wheel, activating it (see figure 8).
Figure 8. The Amusement Park
Cue
Analysis
The spectator can finally listen to Enzo and Alessia’s theme and it sounds
sweet and pure. Indeed this is the first cue without electronic sound and it is not a
random choice at all. The music starts when the wheel is already moving, with a
classical piano playing in 6/4, which gives the idea of movement. Some strings come
in to add more richness and movement to the piece, exactly when Enzo stops the
15
wheel, right when she is on top, where she can see everything. However this love
rescues Enzo from his horrible life full of crime. Therefore this piece had to represent
the authenticity of this naïve relationship. Enzo had probably never ben in love
before, for his life did not allow him to do so. He only felt hatred and pain.
Furthermore the composition reminds me of “The Song of the Beach” by Arcade Fire,
composed for the movie “Her”, the presence of that warm piano and the ¾ that
accompanied the main character to the beach while he is having a date with his OS
consciousness.
“Lontani”
In this scene Enzo buys a princess’s dress for Alessia, who invites him to
come into the changing room. They start kissing each other but Enzo does not know
how to approach her so he acts in a rude way, he almost looks like an animal while
they are having sex. The cue starts right after, and the spectator can see Alessia
completely lost and Enzo tired still grabbing her body (see figure 9).
Figure 9. Enzo Grabbing Alessia
Afterwards there is a close up on her big pink and floating skirt, which
probably represents Alessia’s innocence. Unfortunately, at this point of the movie the
audience already knows she was subjected to several abuses from doctors, teachers
16
and her father, thus Enzo behaviour is a huge disappointment for her since he behaved
almost as her abusers. However, I see this cue as the love theme, which has been
corrupted. The theme is not just piano and strings anymore but a hybrid. It has lost its
naivety.
Cue
Analysis
A pad starts playing right when Alessia’s gaze is completely empty and it
keeps going until the end of the cue. When the spectator sees the skirt floating it is
possible to hear a wired sound effect like a kind of riser, which sounds like a scream.
The piano this time is far in the mix and it starts when her face comes into the shot,
whereas the piano phrase becomes darker and heavier when Enzo comes up. Step by
step it becomes louder and it gets in front of the mix following the camera going up to
shoot a pink balloon stuck underneath the roof. Everything stops right there except for
the pad, which fades away when Enzo sits on the motorbike.
“Obitorio
e
Canile”
The music starts after a violent fight, the Gipsy just had with the Neapolitan
gang. He actually shot Nunzia Lo Cosimo, although he did not manage to kill Nunzia.
Therefore she ran away by car with one of her affiliate. Afterwards the scene moves
into the morgue where Alessia finally sees her father for the first time after his death
and then the Gypsy appears, while he is getting back into his shelter after the
collusion. Therefore he is aware of the danger he is running to. Indeed he finds all his
affiliates dead and injured on the floor.
Cue
Analysis
The cue is dark and it perfectly fits with the mood of the picture. A low
rotating arpeggiator starts with the Gypsy’s deep breath after killing “Marcello” and
17
saying: “Fuck off Marcellò”. Indeed this character, a transsexual, who was lending
him some money to pay back Nunzia, he is the guy who started the collusion and he
put everybody in danger because the Neapolitan gang is much stronger than the
Gypsy’s one, and they will seek revenge. The music starts with villain’s breathing to
let us feel the danger of a bigger fight, which has just begun.
Section
A
When the scene moves into the morgue, some low strings follow the voile
taken away from Alessia’s father. It is possible to hear a plucked instrument with a bit
of delay in the back of the mix. Then the low strings come back playing a longer
phrase, when Alessia and Enzo look at the dead body, which makes everything much
darker.
A bright metallic pad follows the movement of Alessia’s hand getting closer to her
father’s tattoo, representing the “Winged Sword” from the anime “Jeeg Robot”. Her
hand gets close to the body but she does not touch him and the pad makes the tattoo
mystical, so much that the audience can feel Alessia’s fragility. There are tubular bells
playing in the back of the mix.
Section
B
The villain is approaching the door of his refuge and some high strings begin
to play to accompany his movements. When he sees his dogs shot to death the
spectator can hear some metallic percussions playing continuously in a mysterious
ways, again like in some cues of “ The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo”. The high
strings come back in the shot with dead bodies full of blood on the floor and they
follow the movement of the camera. When the Gypsy is watching the television, the
18
strings build up until Tazì (his right-hand man) suddenly arrives. However the music
stops when the villain grabs the gun before saying: “We’ll smash everybody’s ass”.
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in
the cue “Obitorio
e
Canile”
layer wise:
Table 5. Obitorio e Canile
Background
Middleground
Foreground
Arpeggiator
Tubular bells
High Strings
Low Strings
Metallic Perc
Bright Pad
Motel
Scene
and
the
Suburbia
Topic
In this scene Enzo finally tells his story, specifically the story of his childhood.
He tells about Tor Bella Monaca, which is the roman suburbia full of crime and pain,
where the movie is set. Although he says that it did not look like this at the
beginning, actually it used to be bright and brand new and he used to have many
friends there. However, they got into crime or into drugs and they died one after the
other. Actually this is an important topic for Mainetti, he set one of his previous short
movies in Tor Bella Monaca, talking about this guy who becomes a thief like Lupin
but at some point he dies after an armed robbery. The director smartly uses these
kinds of tricks to talk about reality in a gentle and original way. In this short movie
the audience can see the main character acting as Lupin but at the end, the spectator
gets back to reality, right after he dies and we understand that is not a joke or a
cartoon, it is the real life. Furthermore he used this kind of trick also in “Tiger Boy”
one of the best 10 short movies at 2014 Oscar. In that case Mainetti talked about the
19
delicate topic of child abuse throughout the figure of Tiger Man another anime. Even
this short movie was set in the roman suburbia, although in Corviale this time.
Another area which used to be an important building project for the society, derived
from French architecture but it turned up into a complete failure, becoming a criminal
area. The project was aiming to create affordable flats for poor people and to block
the uncontrollable exploitation of soil. Therefore they built a huge building, with even
shops and nursery schools inside. Although it soon became a ghetto since, the whole
project isolated those poor people, making grow crime and despair.
Getting back to our movie, there are some row flashbacks while Enzo is
telling about his childhood, with no music or sounds. From my perspective this choice
has the clear aim of making the audience fully feel Enzo’s loneliness. Suddenly there
is a shot of Alessia laying on bed and their theme starts playing again.
“Sugli
Argini
del
Tevere”
The Gypsy caught Enzo and Alessia to steal his super powers. He leads them
to the Tiber where Enzo got his power. At some point Nunzia shows up with her
affiliates and starts shooting. In the fight, Alessia is shot to death, whereas the Gypsy
falls into the river while he burns. Enzo is alone again. Instead, the villain gets out
from the water the morning after completely disfigured but alive.
“Ti
Stringerò”:
The
Gypsy
arrives
to
Nunzia’s
House
The spectator can admire another cult scene with the Gypsy, who got super
powers after falling into the river and he finally arrives to Nunzia’s house for his
revenge. Even in this case there is no a score but a 90’s song, which fits perfectly with
the scene. The villain hungry for fame places his phone on a table and he films his
20
fight with the Neapolitan gang (see figure 10).
Figure 10. The Gypsy Placing his Phone before the Fight
He looks confident with his super powers while he is listening to “Ti
Stringerò” which is another song, this time from the 90s symbol of the trash culture.
Furthermore for most of the length of the scene the music is loud until he kills all
Nunzia affiliates, from there on the music comes from the earplugs while the Gypsy is
dancing and playing with his prey.
“Di
Nuovo
Solo”/
“Hiroshi
Shiba”
In this scene, the audience can see Enzo walking alone after Alessia’s death
and it is possible to hear a low pad, plus the same piano phrase that appeared in
“Lontani”. At some point two policemen see him in the field and they cause an
accident, while looking at him. They go back by car and a woman driving with her
daughter gets distracted, by the same pink balloon the audience saw, in the scene after
the changing room. However, the policemen are able to rescue just the mother from
the car before an explosion but a few seconds later, they realize her daughter is still
21
trapped in the car. So Enzo goes back to the fire and he takes the daughter out of the
vehicle before a bigger explosion, and he brings her to her mother saving her life.
Cue
Analysis
A pad starts playing smoothly when mother and daughter hug each other, then
the woman hugs Enzo to thank him and the piano starts playing. The melody reminds
me of the main theme but it does not play it fully. Once Enzo hugs her back the
spectator can hear a melody, which sounds like a mix of the love theme and the hero
theme, there are some flashbacks of Alessia. Indeed the composers mix the two
melodies because Alessia always pushed Enzo to a better life, to use his super powers
for good reasons. Indeed Enzo even physically is the opposite of the idea of the
American hero. He grew up in the dirt and he looks like a bear, he is huge but not
with defined muscles. He has always been a thief and even after getting his super
powers he was using them for bad reasons. Enzo was selfish. He used to hate
everybody and did not know how to love. Although Alessia saved him from his
despair and in this scene he finally accepts to be a super hero, somehow overcoming
Alessia’s death. When he looks around a string section comes in gently, giving a
sense of hope. It actually reminds me of “Rise” from the Dark Knight Rises.
“Acchiappa
lo
Zingaro”
Enzo arrived to the Olympic Stadium and he finds out the Gypsy wants to
make the stadium explode during the football match between Roma and Lazio. They
start fighting but suddenly the villain grabs his phone, which is the detonator and he
runs away.
22
Cue
Analysis
Section
A
The cue starts with a distorted bass kick drums, in the shot where there are
policemen receiving the call about the Gypsy, and then a low pad comes in. Then
there is Enzo chasing his enemy and a dynamic arpeggiator starts playing. When the
villain gets rid of a person from his way another brighter arpeggiator comes in. The
music stops abruptly when Enzo arrives to the terraces where Roma supporters are
(see figure 11).
Figure
11.
Enzo
Arrives
to
the
Terrace
Section
B
He looks around and a low synth comes back along with the kick drum when
he finds the Gypsy disguised in the crowd. They start fighting again and the music
stops. Right after Enzo breaks the phone but the Gypsy throws him away and he
jumps out of the stadium.
Section
C
A bass re-starts the piece along with the kick and the low pad. However, Enzo
follows the Gypsy and the kick becomes more intense, until he jumps from the top of
23
the stadium and everything stops except for the synthesizer, which is filtered before
fading away.
“Conto
alla
Rovescia”
Cue
Analysis
Section
A
Enzo finds the Gypsy setting the bomb manually in an ambulance. At the
beginning there are only some pads but when the villain fades away an interesting low
analogical synthy arpeggiator starts playing almost following the beep of the bomb
alarm. Enzo jumps into the ambulance to drive the bomb far away, when a low
register piano phrase comes in, like a hammer. When Enzo inserts the key some high
frequency percussions come in along with some Dhols placed far in the mix. He
finally leaves the stadium and a lower analogical synthy arpeggiator becomes a part of
the composition.
Section
B
Suddenly everything stops right when the police block Enzo. A low synth
keeps playing and an arpeggiator starts rising smoothly to build the tension up. Enzo
tells the police to go away because he has to get rid of a bomb but they do no let him
pass. Therefore he goes back with his head into the ambulance and the piano comes
back. He decides to use the ambulance as a shield pushing it to the police (see figure
24
12).
Figure 12.
Enzo Using his Ambulance as a Shield
Another brighter arpeggiator builds up the tension when the audience see the
police looking at what happens, acting almost as a riser. At some point there is Enzo
pushing the car and another stronger arpeggiator jumps in. While he is running away
with the bomb it is possible to notice some low strings playing tremolo and the
brighter arpeggiator in contrast to the stronger one. The low strings go up
chromatically and when he arrives to the bridge to throw away the bomb into the river
some high strings come in. The music stops abruptly when the villain appears to stop
him.
Section
C
Enzo is on the ground while the Gypsy reaches the bomb and some low synths
start playing along with the super hero theme played by the piano. However right
when he gets up to catch his enemy, an ostinato played by low strings along with
some Taikos begins. The high strings come in right afterwards before the music stops
when they both fall into the river. This cue reminds of “Why do we fall” from Super
Man of Steel.
25
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in
the cue “Conto alla Rovescia”
layer wise:
Table
6.
Conto
alla
Rovescia
Background
Middleground
Foreground
Pads
Bright Arpeggiator
Piano
Low Arpeggiator
Mid Range Arpegg.
Tremolo
Low Strings
High Strings
Percussions
Taikos
“Super
Eroe”
Cue
Analysis
The cue stats with soundscaping pads, and after a while we finally have the
piano theme and an arpeggiator rising slowly from the bottom moving the cutoff.
Some epic Dhols play the entrance of a more intense section where a more dynamic
arpeggiator comes in. A distorted synth playing an ostinato (Cinematic guitars) rises
from the bottom. The intensity goes higher and higher until a riser introduces the main
section of the cue. The piano is right in front of the mix playing the theme, whereas
some highs strings are playing an ostinato, which makes us feel like we are flying.
The distorted synth keeps playing in the centre and the violins 2 play a countermelody
on the right. We also have some electronic percussion placed loudly in the mix. Then
the piano splits up in three parts: Two become different ostinatos similar to the high
strings ones, whereas the third one plays the second motive that appeared previously
in the main title. Suddenly everything stops except for the piano, which plays the
theme again.
26
In the following list I analyse the structure of the cue “Super Eroe” with sections
(bolded) and transitions (italics):
•
Intro
o Percussion
•
Section A
o Riser
•
Main Section
o Riser
•
Outro
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in the
cue “Super Eroe”
layer wise:
Table 7. Super Eroe
Background
Middleground
Foreground
Pads
Piano 2 counterpoint
Piano 1 Theme
Epic Dhols
Piano 3 counterpoint
Electronic Perc
Violin 1
Riser
Violin 2
Dynamic Arpeg.
Dystortet Synth
27
Production
and
Prizes
As Mainetti declared during his many interviews, at the beginning he could
not even find a producer for his movie because in Italy these types of movies are
uncommon. There has never been a superhero movie set in Rome with a roman
accent. He eventually found someone who could help him produce it. In the end, the
movie received 16 nominations for the David of Donatello and won 7 statues. It is
unbelievable that one of them was best producer. This prize was the right honour for
Mainetti braveness, as he refused to give up on his goal.
28
Appendix
A.
Interview
with
Michele
Braga
First of all, I was wondering if you create your own sound design starting either from
analog synthesizers to tweak afterwards or from pre-existing libraries?
It depends on what kind of project and soundtrack I’m making, above all
on the time I have to compose it. There are many virtual synth and plug
ins, which emulate traditional synths (for instance: Arturia, Omnisphere,
and many others). Personally speaking I really the analogical sound,
indeed in my own set up I have a Korg Polysix and a Roland Juno 6,
which I try to use whenever I can. Even for drum machine sounds, I
always try to start from unique timbre, which I filter depending on the
scenario I am dealing with.
In a interview you had with “Rolling Stone” magazine you mentioned that John
Carpenter was your main inspiration for this this soundtrack. Although I was
wondering if you had any other reference in order to make the “Jeeg” sound and how
you ended up to make your original one.
Surely Carpenter has been one of our inspirations for the simplicity and
minimalism of his themes. However we tried to undertake many ways,
always subtracting to avoid the abundance of arrangements way too
Hollywood like, which would have sounded completely out of context.
Thus we decided to focus mainly on electronic sounds, sharing our setup,
sending to each other our ideas over and over again.
Who decided to have a very clear theme for the main character and for the couple?
Furthermore why did not you compose one for the villain? Did you try to characterize
him though 80s music?
29
Yes indeed! Gabriele Mainetti during the script writing process had the
idea to characterize the Gypsy through 80s music. Moreover he was
actually inspired by the character Ziggy Sturdust from David Bowie.
Indeed the villain takes his look from Anna Oxa, especially from her first
appearance at “San Remo” music festival. Anyway Enzo’s theme is surely
very characterizing, it smoothly appears into the whole length of the
movie to finally explode at the end. Right when Enzo Ceccotti becomes
fully aware of his gift, and he understands that with great power comes
great responsibility. Whereas, I think Alessia and Enzo theme has been
the first piece Mainetti composed. When I joined this project this cue was
already, right in the Luna Park scene. Then we chose to utilize it in many
ways where we had scenes, which included Enzo and Alessia, thus it
automatically became their theme.
Did you use any temp track?
I joined the project during the post-production and picture was almost
locked. Gabriele had to prepare many projections for distributors and
festival directors. Therefore he approved several temp tracks to make it
more effective. However the film already included some original cues
composed by him, some of them has been included into the final version
of the movie as “Enzo and Alessia” theme.
30
Appendix
B.
Themes’
Transcriptions
31
32
References
“Basette”, YouTube video, 16:38, posted by Goon Films, February 23, 2012, accessed
June 22, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMs7lQt9DsA.
Braga Michele, interview by Gianmaria Tammaro, “Rabbia, pugni e cuore nella colonna
sonora di “Lo Chiamavano Jeeg Robot”, Rolling Stone Italia March 23, 2016,
accessed June 22, 2017,
http://www.rollingstone.it/musica/interviste-musica/la-colonna-sonora-piena-dirabbia-pugni-e-cuore-di-lo-chiamavano-jeeg-robot/2016-03-23/.
“Lo Chiamavano Jeeg Robot”, directed by Gabriele Mainetti, featuring (Claudio
Santamaria, Luca Marinelli, Ilenia Pastorelli), (Goon Films 2016), Blue Ray
(Lucky Red 2016).
“Lo Chiamavano Jeeg Robot” Spotify music soundtrack, 54 minutes, posted by Goon
Films, 2016, accessed June 22, 2017, spotify:track:1p3Rqo0z8yfT14NrE1lQIL.
“The Dark Knight Rises”, Spotify music soundtrak, 51 minutes, posted by Water Tower
Music
2012, accessed June 22, 2017,
https://open.spotify.com/album/3sGDniFo4e5r0bwmSL2upZ.
“Lost Themes Two”, Spotify album, 47 minutes, posted by Sacred Bone Records 2016,
accessed June 22, 2017,
https://open.spotify.com/album/3TOEqLzKnG2Jg3oftnJFyS.
“Lost Themes Remixed”, Spotify album, 39 minutes, posted by Sacred Bones Records
2015, accessed June 22, 2017,
https://open.spotify.com/album/652HzqKKqQjpY660wsRIeQ.
“Man of Steel”, Spotify music soundtrack, 57 minutes, posted by Water Tower Music
2013, accessed June 22, 2017,
https://open.spotify.com/album/58oYx9zmSMuXpphmANvMHc.
Mechelli
Massimiliano,
email
message
to
Michele
Braga,
June,
22,
2017.
“The Revenant Original Motion Pitcure Soundtrack”, Spotify music soundtrack, 70
minutes, posted by New Regency 2016, accessed June 22, 2017,
https://open.spotify.com/album/3ebiXE1wKUYUB1pG4JS60N.
“Tiger Boy”, Vimeo video, 20:14, posted by Goon Films, November 3, 2015, accessed
June 22, 2017, https://vimeo.com/144552817.
33
Be Exportable and Compete with the Whole
World Reinventing Itself
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Degree of
Master of Music of Scoring for Film, Television and Video Games
Supervisor: Lucio Godoy
by: Massimiliano Mechelli
Berklee College of Music-Berklee Valencia
July 2017
Table
of
Contents
Introduction
........................................................................................................................
1
Plot
..........................................................................................................................................
2
Gabriele
Mainetti:
Director/Composer
Biography
................................................
3
Michele
Braga:
Composer
Biography
..........................................................................
3
Movie
Analysis
....................................................................................................................
4
“Main
Titles”
.................................................................................................................................
5
Cue
Analysis
...............................................................................................................................................
5
“Non
Ti
Piace
Bianco?”
..............................................................................................................
7
Cue
Analysis
...............................................................................................................................................
8
“Corri
Ragazzo
Laggiù”
.............................................................................................................
8
Cue
Analysis
...............................................................................................................................................
9
“Zingaro”
characterized
by
80s/90s
music
........................................................................
9
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
10
“Casa,
Budini
e
Pornazzi”
......................................................................................................
11
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
11
“Dove
Sta
Papà”
........................................................................................................................
13
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
13
“Enzo
e
Alessia”
Theme
.........................................................................................................
15
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
15
“Lontani”
.....................................................................................................................................
16
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
17
“Obitorio
e
Canile”
...................................................................................................................
17
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
17
Motel
Scene
and
the
Suburbia
Topic
.................................................................................
19
“Sugli
Argini
del
Tevere”
.......................................................................................................
20
“Ti
Stringerò”:
The
Gypsy
arrives
to
Nunzia’s
House
..................................................
20
“Di
Nuovo
Solo”/
“Hiroshi
Shiba”
.......................................................................................
21
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
22
“Acchiappa
lo
Zingaro”
..........................................................................................................
22
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
23
“Conto
alla
Rovescia”
..............................................................................................................
24
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
24
“Super
Eroe”
..............................................................................................................................
26
Cue
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................
26
Production
and
Prizes
...........................................................................................................
28
Appendix
A.
Interview
with
Michele
Braga
............................................................
29
Appendix
B.
Themes’
Transcriptions
.......................................................................
31
References
.........................................................................................................................
33
ii
Introduction
The Italian Cinema is well-known all over the world for the famous movement
called “Neorealism”, which was the Golden Age of Italian cinema. Rossellini, De
Sica and Visconti were some of the most important directors from this movement.
They focused on lower-class characters using amateur actors and working with small
budgets to show a clear picture of the society after World War II. The first movie that
caught the world’s attention was De Sica’s Bicycle Thieves one of the best examples
of Neorealism. Furthermore, one of the most important Italian directors who did the
apprenticeship during the Italian Golden Age was Federico Fellini, who directed
movies like La Dolce Vita and 8 ½, which spread internationally but particularly
gained traction in the United States, where people fell in love with his masterpieces.
After La Dolce Vita, the Italian Cinema, apart from a few exceptions, did not sway
from producing dramas and comedies. Even Sorrentino who won the Oscar for The
Great Beauty in 2014 did not make a change within the Italian Cinema. The director
recalled that Fellini’s style had been successful in the United States. This success was
not only because it was a great movie but, because it reminded them of the neorealist
period, which was the idea they always had of Italy.
However, Italy mutated a lot since the 60s: It had different politicians like
Andreotti for the “Democristiani”, Craxi for the “Socialists” and Berlusconi for
“Forza Italia”, which changed this country drastically. Furthermore, Mafia revealed
itself with the attacks during the 90’s killing magistrates like Falcone and Borsellino.
Moreover, Berlusconi who has been the Italian prime minster for many years created
the “Trash” culture on his televisions, emptying everything of values. Following ten
years ago the famous writer Saviano wrote about the Neapolitan Mafia called
1
“Camorra” and helped the people become aware of the existence of this kind of
Mafia. After all these events, Italy changed a lot inevitably creating a new reality that
started to be narrated through series and movies like Gomorrah. Which was
nominated by the New York Times as one of the best three TV series in the world in
2016. Whereas, They Call Me Jeeg won 7 David di Donatello in 2016.
Gomorrah, directed by Solimma, Cumencini, Cuppellini and Gallesi also
invented by Saviano, is a raw and cruel story of Naples being infected by Camorra the
Neapolitan mafia. Where there are not good but only evil characters, at the beginning
of the first series the only person who could be identified as the good guy actually
turns up as the most evil one, destroying all audience’s hopes for having a hero
amongst this cruelty.
Another original way to describe the reality has been found by Mainetti,
director of They Call me Jeeg Robot awarded with 6 “David di Donatello”. This is an
original movie, that uses the “escamotage” of an Italian superhero and a villain raised
in the “Trash”culture to talk about some topics, all of which are part of our reality.
Plot
Enzo is a small crook, who lives in Rome in a criminal neighbourhood called
“Tor Bella Monaca”. One day, escaping from the police after having stolen a swatch,
he jumps into the Tiber where he gets infected by a mysterious liquid from which he
gains superpowers. Although he does not realize he gains superhero powers, he gets
involved in a criminal mission organized by the main villain called the Gypsy.
Unfortunately, something goes wrong during this task and Enzo will have to deal with
the Gypsy. Eventually, he falls in love with the daughter of one of the villain
affiliates, who has an unruly life.
2
Gabriele
Mainetti:
Director/Composer
Biography
Gabriele Mainetti, director, actor and film composer, was born in Rome in
1976. He attended several courses of directing, cinematography and Screen Play New
York, at the “Tisch School of Arts”. He began his career in the film industry in 1998
playing important roles in different movies and TV shows. The main important role
he had was Il Cielo in una stanza. However his true passion was directing and he
made two successful short movies like: Basette (2008) and Tiger Boy (2012). Basette
participated to many festivals like “Locarno Film Festival” and “Nastri D’Argento
2008. Whereas, Tiger Boy received many awards like: the Nastri D’Argento 2013 as
Best Short Film, the Best Short Film nomination at the Globi D’Oro 2012 and at the
David di Donatello 2012. In 2015, Mainetti directed They Call me Jeeg, which won 7
David of Donatello awards after obtaining 16 nominations.1
Michele
Braga:
Composer
Biography
Michele Braga is a versatile self-taught musician, who was born in 1977. After
choosing to work as a composer for film, he improved his composition and
orchestration studies with Alessandro Cusatelli. His first collaboration with Gabriele
Mainetti starts in 2008 with the short movie Basettte, also composing the piece during
the credits. In 2009 he won the award “Best Soundtrack” at the “International Film
Festival of Cyprus”. In 2014 received the nomination as the “Best Soundtrack” for
s.v. “Gabriele Mainetti Biography”, accessed June 10, 2017,
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriele_Mainetti
1
IMDB,
3
Piu Buio di Mezzanotte. In 2015 Braga composed the soundtrack of They Call me
Jeeg along with Gabriele Mainetti. 2
Movie
Analysis
Enzo is a small thief, who lives in the roman suburbia and he sporadically
works for one of the men of the Gypsy the main villain of the movie. In the first scene
the camera moves above the centre of Rome while Enzo breaths frantically (see figure
1).
Figure 1. 1st Scene “Main Titles”
At some point, Enzo comes into the shot running away with a Rolex from two
incognito policemen called “Falchi”. This scene is atypical because there is chasing
but it is not accompanied by music. The director chose to focus the attention on
Enzo’s breath placing it loudly in front of the mix. It makes the audience feel as if
they are running with him, making the scene more effective.
Enzo arrives to the river and he hides into a floating industrial container. Then
policemen arrive too, thus his only way to escape would be diving into the water. So
2
IMDB.
S.v.
“Michele
Braga
Biography”
accessed
June
10,
2017,
http://www.michelebraga.com/biografia/
4
he finally jumps into the Tiber and they are not be able to find him so they decide
leave the place.
After they leave he tries to get back into the container but he falls climbing on
chemical drums, which he breaks. The liquid inside covers him completely and the
music titles start right when he gets swallowed into the river.
“Main
Titles”
Cue
Analysis
First
Part
of
the
Main
Titles
The
cue
starts
with
a
plucked
instrument,
which
vaguely
mentions
the
theme.
When
he
gets
back
on
the
floating
platform
(see
figure
2)
there
are
some
soundscaping
pads,
which
gives
the
harmony
of
the
piece.
Figure 2. Enzo gets out of the River during the main title
Suddenly, Enzo starts running and a distorted rotating arpeggiator comes in, in
order to add movement to the cue. When S. Peter Chapel gets into the shot the
audience can finally fully listen to the main theme for the first time in the movie.
5
Some other high pass pads join the cue, becoming part of the background while some
strings keep playing the theme. As soon as the title of the movie appears a mega horn
starts playing abruptly.
The scene moves into a bus where another more dynamic arpeggiator comes in
while the plucked instrument plays some parts of the main melody without playing
the whole thing. Once the audience sees the shot on the skyscrapers of the roman
suburbia (very relevant element of the movie) the cue starts lifting up with some
electronic percussion. At this point a piano jumps on playing another motive, which
will appear again later in the film. When there is the shot with the dark Enzo’s face
while he is walking in the street, some low strings start playing. The plucked
instrument combined with piano stop but the arpegiattors keeps staying there and a
riser links the first part to the second one, which will be set in Enzo’s house.
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in the
first section of the Main Titles layer wise:
•
1st Section: Main Titles
Table 1. Main Titles
Background
Middleground
Foreground
Pads
Arpeggiator
Plucked Instr
Low Strings
Mega Horn
High Strings
Electronic Perc.
Riser
Piano
High Pass Pads
Second
Part
of
the
Main
Titles
The scene moves into Enzo’s flat and the first shot is the television
transmitting the newscast about a terroristic attack that happened in Rome (another
6
important element in the movie). This second section sounds like a different cue but it
blends perfectly with the first one because of the apeggiators, which keep playing.
Now strings start acting the main role in the cue. Low strings play a counter melody
whereas high strings play long notes creating the harmony. The arpeggiator keeps
playing and the electronic percussions come in again, while he is throwing up. The
plucked instrument is far away in the mix now and the piano theme doubled by the
plucked instrument comes back just at the end of the cue. While the camera is focused
on the television, there is Enzo suffering in the bed and the harmony becomes
dissonant and the theme is not clear anymore. At the end, the cue goes up with some
riser and it ends on the quite suburbia shot at dawn.
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in
the second section of the Main Titles layer wise:
•
2nd Section:
Table 2. Main Titles
Background
Middleground
Foreground
Electronic Pec.
Arpeggiator
Piano
High Strings
Low Strings
Plucked (doubling the
theme)
Plucked
“Non
Ti
Piace
Bianco?”
At this point there is the villain in his shelter, who is planning some big trades
with a Camorra clan, held by Nunzia Lo Cosimo. The other members of the gang are
7
not happy about this move and one of them pays for his disobedience. At this point, it
is possible to notice the unbalanced mentality of the Gypsy, who grabs his new phone
and suddenly smashes the traitor’s head (see figure 3).
Figure 3. The Main Villain: “The Gipsy”
Cue
Analysis
This is a short cue but dark and idiomatic to introduce the main villain. There
are high and low strings moving like a wave creating a calm dark mood, also
preannouncing a storm coming. The cue starts after the villain gives back the phone
full of blood to one of his affiliates. It reminds me of the Revenant soundtrack, which
aimed for the same feeling.
“Corri
Ragazzo
Laggiù”
Enzo has been engaged for a criminal mission by one of the Gypsy’s affiliates.
They had to extract some drugs out of two African people coming by airplane from
their country. However one of them dies after suffering an epileptic attack so the
brother finds his revenge, killing the Gypsy’s affiliate and shooting Enzo, who falls
from the top of a building. He suddenly wakes up and he realizes he is still alive.
8
Cue
Analysis
The music starts when he wakes up, looking at the top of the building (see
figure 4).
Figure 4.
Enzo Realizes He is still Alive
A mid-range synth comes in and a bass synth joins right afterwards. Enzo
begins to run away and there is a shot of the sunset between the olive trees. Right at
that moment high strings start playing in the back of the mix. When Enzo fades away
in the forest the piano theme starts along with a low pass filtered arpeggiator. The cue
gives a feeling of hope because he is realizing he has super powers, moreover here the
theme is clear and hammering. However, the strings are smartly placed in the back
because they will act as the blend between this scene and the next scene.
“Zingaro”
characterized
by
80s/90s
music
In this movie there is a clear theme for the super hero and another one for the
couple. However there is no a theme for the villain, even if this character might be
considered the strongest one and somehow the star of the movie. The director and the
composer decided to give an identity to the villain throughout the selection of a few
9
Italian Pop songs from the 80s. This choice was brave and peculiar, but effective The
Gypsy is a person who was raised in crime and dirt but always aimed for leaving his
home to become famous. In fact he tried to get there, he was part of a popular Italian
channel called “Buona Domenica” but it soon became his biggest disappointment. He
failed and went back home for refuge, but he never gave up. Indeed the villain is the
embodiment of the Italian trash culture, the symbol of insignificant and fleeting
success.
Cue
Analysis
In this scene, it is possible to admire the Gypsy performing “Un’Emozione da
Poco” by Anna Oxa, for Nunzia Lo Cosimo birthday (the boss of the Neapolitan
gang) (see figure 5).
Figure 5.
The Gypsy Performing “Un’Emozione da Poco” by Anna Oxa
The completely instability of this character is shown clearly in this scene.
However, after his performance, one of his affiliates receives a call about the failed
mission, the guy immediately informs the Gypsy, who does not tell anything to
Nunzia. This will be the spark of the whole story.
10
“Casa,
Budini
e
Pornazzi”
Enzo coming back home meets Alessia, who asks him about her father. So
Enzo hides in his flat declaring that he does not know anything about what happened.
She is worried and does not stop knocking at his door. However, this is the longest
cue in the movie and it is in one of the most important moments: Enzo discovers his
super powers.
Cue
Analysis
Section
A
Enzo is in his bathroom and the music starts when he touches his own wound
while he looks at himself into the mirror. There are two low arpeggiators starting the
cue: The first one is low and the second one, which starts a bit later is an octave
higher. A piano playing suspended and mysterious phrases starts when there is a shot
of his reflection in the mirror. The instrument is placed far away in the mix and it all
helps to make the cue even more mysterious. Right afterwards when he bends
himself, the arpeggiators mention part of the theme. A low brassy synth comes in,
right when there is the shot from inside the bridge and imitates this kind of waves
movements, which appeared in the cue “Non Ti Piace Bianco”. Some low strings
come timidly in, while he is watching porn and eating his pudding. Although, since
when she starts ringing at the door they become more predominant until the cue
suddenly stops when he punches the door (see figure 6).
11
Figure 6.
Enzo Punches the main Door Realising of Having Super Powers
Section
B
Enzo actually breaks the door with his punch and Alessia runs away. While he
is looking at his hand, He realizes he has gained super powers. Some high strings join
the cue creating an intense suspense. However, he sees Alessia running away and
another more dynamic arpeggiator comes in, taking the lead of the cue. Enzo moves
closer to the heater and the piano comes back playing suspended phrases. He grabs
the radiator and while he is smashing it a fast arpeggiator jumps in, somehow acting
as a riser. Later an electronic kick becomes part of the cue with other synths building
up the whole cue.
Section
C
The music stops again when he is in the street going straight to the cash
machine. The arpeggiator now becomes much slower and its movement emulates a
beating heart creating an interesting tension. When he starts punching at the cash
machine other arpeggiators join the cue and it builds up a lot, until he takes away with
him the whole thing and the beating heart comes back again. The scene moves back in
the flat and the music drops while the piano keeps playing in Lydian mode to
12
maintain that kind of mystery. Instead the arpeggiator fades away and there is only
piano plus strings creating a mysterious fantasy mood. Suddenly, the audience can
hear Alessia screaming and a low synth comes back right before the end of the cue.
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in the
cue “Casa, Budini and Pornazzi”layer wise:
Table 3.
Casa Budini e Pornazzi
Background
Middleground
Foreground
Brassy Synth
Low Arpeggiators
Piano
Low Strings
Riser
High Strings
Electronic Kick
Synths
“Dove
Sta
Papà”
This a scene where the Gypsy gang goes to Alessia’s place to find her father.
So it is a moment full of tension because they threaten her with a blade. Suddenly
Enzo jumps into the room through the window and the biggest guy of Gypsy’s
affiliates punches him right into his face. The music starts exactly right there.
Cue
Analysis
A slow bassy arpeggiator starts the cue and it is followed by a brassy synth
that reminds me of composers who actually inspired Braga and Mainetti, as they
declared in an interview with Rolling Stone Italy. Such as John Carpenter and
Vangelis. It is also noticeble in the back of the mix a kind of metallic percussion,
which is reminiscent of the scene with surveillance cameras from The Girl with the
13
Dragon Tatoo by Reznor. A low synthesizer with an epic taste similar to a French
Horns sound, starts while Enzo is lifting the criminal up (see figure 7).
Figure 7. Enzo Lifts the biggest Guy from the Soil
Moreover, the composer uses it to mention the theme in a very smooth way. The
spectator also can notice a kind of rotator riser synced with Alessia’s gaze, full of
hope and dreaming, because her hero, her Jeeg has finally arrived. After Enzo throws
away the criminal, a more dynamic arpeggiator jumps on along with a classical piano
played in a low register, which reminds me a lot of “Vortex” a piece by Carpenter.
Braga also uses some fast downers in a smart way, giving heaviness to the cue
without blocking the whole movement. After Enzo annihilates the last criminal
everything stops except for the arpeggiators. Indeed a brighter one joins the cue and a
sound design effect accompanies the movement of the dragged body. At the end,
everything fades away smoothly after Enzo leaves the suffering criminal on the
ground.
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in the
cue “Dove Sta Papà”
layer wise.
14
Table 4.
Dove sta Papå?
Background
Middle Ground
Foreground
Bassy Arpeggiator
Dynamic Arpeg.
Piano
Metallic Percussion
Bright Arp
Brassy Synth
Low Synth
Riser
“Enzo
e
Alessia”
Theme
Enzo drives Alessia to the amusement park and at some point she sits in one of
the cabins of the ferris wheel. Thus Enzo in order to maker her feel better, he starts
pushing the wheel, activating it (see figure 8).
Figure 8. The Amusement Park
Cue
Analysis
The spectator can finally listen to Enzo and Alessia’s theme and it sounds
sweet and pure. Indeed this is the first cue without electronic sound and it is not a
random choice at all. The music starts when the wheel is already moving, with a
classical piano playing in 6/4, which gives the idea of movement. Some strings come
in to add more richness and movement to the piece, exactly when Enzo stops the
15
wheel, right when she is on top, where she can see everything. However this love
rescues Enzo from his horrible life full of crime. Therefore this piece had to represent
the authenticity of this naïve relationship. Enzo had probably never ben in love
before, for his life did not allow him to do so. He only felt hatred and pain.
Furthermore the composition reminds me of “The Song of the Beach” by Arcade Fire,
composed for the movie “Her”, the presence of that warm piano and the ¾ that
accompanied the main character to the beach while he is having a date with his OS
consciousness.
“Lontani”
In this scene Enzo buys a princess’s dress for Alessia, who invites him to
come into the changing room. They start kissing each other but Enzo does not know
how to approach her so he acts in a rude way, he almost looks like an animal while
they are having sex. The cue starts right after, and the spectator can see Alessia
completely lost and Enzo tired still grabbing her body (see figure 9).
Figure 9. Enzo Grabbing Alessia
Afterwards there is a close up on her big pink and floating skirt, which
probably represents Alessia’s innocence. Unfortunately, at this point of the movie the
audience already knows she was subjected to several abuses from doctors, teachers
16
and her father, thus Enzo behaviour is a huge disappointment for her since he behaved
almost as her abusers. However, I see this cue as the love theme, which has been
corrupted. The theme is not just piano and strings anymore but a hybrid. It has lost its
naivety.
Cue
Analysis
A pad starts playing right when Alessia’s gaze is completely empty and it
keeps going until the end of the cue. When the spectator sees the skirt floating it is
possible to hear a wired sound effect like a kind of riser, which sounds like a scream.
The piano this time is far in the mix and it starts when her face comes into the shot,
whereas the piano phrase becomes darker and heavier when Enzo comes up. Step by
step it becomes louder and it gets in front of the mix following the camera going up to
shoot a pink balloon stuck underneath the roof. Everything stops right there except for
the pad, which fades away when Enzo sits on the motorbike.
“Obitorio
e
Canile”
The music starts after a violent fight, the Gipsy just had with the Neapolitan
gang. He actually shot Nunzia Lo Cosimo, although he did not manage to kill Nunzia.
Therefore she ran away by car with one of her affiliate. Afterwards the scene moves
into the morgue where Alessia finally sees her father for the first time after his death
and then the Gypsy appears, while he is getting back into his shelter after the
collusion. Therefore he is aware of the danger he is running to. Indeed he finds all his
affiliates dead and injured on the floor.
Cue
Analysis
The cue is dark and it perfectly fits with the mood of the picture. A low
rotating arpeggiator starts with the Gypsy’s deep breath after killing “Marcello” and
17
saying: “Fuck off Marcellò”. Indeed this character, a transsexual, who was lending
him some money to pay back Nunzia, he is the guy who started the collusion and he
put everybody in danger because the Neapolitan gang is much stronger than the
Gypsy’s one, and they will seek revenge. The music starts with villain’s breathing to
let us feel the danger of a bigger fight, which has just begun.
Section
A
When the scene moves into the morgue, some low strings follow the voile
taken away from Alessia’s father. It is possible to hear a plucked instrument with a bit
of delay in the back of the mix. Then the low strings come back playing a longer
phrase, when Alessia and Enzo look at the dead body, which makes everything much
darker.
A bright metallic pad follows the movement of Alessia’s hand getting closer to her
father’s tattoo, representing the “Winged Sword” from the anime “Jeeg Robot”. Her
hand gets close to the body but she does not touch him and the pad makes the tattoo
mystical, so much that the audience can feel Alessia’s fragility. There are tubular bells
playing in the back of the mix.
Section
B
The villain is approaching the door of his refuge and some high strings begin
to play to accompany his movements. When he sees his dogs shot to death the
spectator can hear some metallic percussions playing continuously in a mysterious
ways, again like in some cues of “ The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo”. The high
strings come back in the shot with dead bodies full of blood on the floor and they
follow the movement of the camera. When the Gypsy is watching the television, the
18
strings build up until Tazì (his right-hand man) suddenly arrives. However the music
stops when the villain grabs the gun before saying: “We’ll smash everybody’s ass”.
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in
the cue “Obitorio
e
Canile”
layer wise:
Table 5. Obitorio e Canile
Background
Middleground
Foreground
Arpeggiator
Tubular bells
High Strings
Low Strings
Metallic Perc
Bright Pad
Motel
Scene
and
the
Suburbia
Topic
In this scene Enzo finally tells his story, specifically the story of his childhood.
He tells about Tor Bella Monaca, which is the roman suburbia full of crime and pain,
where the movie is set. Although he says that it did not look like this at the
beginning, actually it used to be bright and brand new and he used to have many
friends there. However, they got into crime or into drugs and they died one after the
other. Actually this is an important topic for Mainetti, he set one of his previous short
movies in Tor Bella Monaca, talking about this guy who becomes a thief like Lupin
but at some point he dies after an armed robbery. The director smartly uses these
kinds of tricks to talk about reality in a gentle and original way. In this short movie
the audience can see the main character acting as Lupin but at the end, the spectator
gets back to reality, right after he dies and we understand that is not a joke or a
cartoon, it is the real life. Furthermore he used this kind of trick also in “Tiger Boy”
one of the best 10 short movies at 2014 Oscar. In that case Mainetti talked about the
19
delicate topic of child abuse throughout the figure of Tiger Man another anime. Even
this short movie was set in the roman suburbia, although in Corviale this time.
Another area which used to be an important building project for the society, derived
from French architecture but it turned up into a complete failure, becoming a criminal
area. The project was aiming to create affordable flats for poor people and to block
the uncontrollable exploitation of soil. Therefore they built a huge building, with even
shops and nursery schools inside. Although it soon became a ghetto since, the whole
project isolated those poor people, making grow crime and despair.
Getting back to our movie, there are some row flashbacks while Enzo is
telling about his childhood, with no music or sounds. From my perspective this choice
has the clear aim of making the audience fully feel Enzo’s loneliness. Suddenly there
is a shot of Alessia laying on bed and their theme starts playing again.
“Sugli
Argini
del
Tevere”
The Gypsy caught Enzo and Alessia to steal his super powers. He leads them
to the Tiber where Enzo got his power. At some point Nunzia shows up with her
affiliates and starts shooting. In the fight, Alessia is shot to death, whereas the Gypsy
falls into the river while he burns. Enzo is alone again. Instead, the villain gets out
from the water the morning after completely disfigured but alive.
“Ti
Stringerò”:
The
Gypsy
arrives
to
Nunzia’s
House
The spectator can admire another cult scene with the Gypsy, who got super
powers after falling into the river and he finally arrives to Nunzia’s house for his
revenge. Even in this case there is no a score but a 90’s song, which fits perfectly with
the scene. The villain hungry for fame places his phone on a table and he films his
20
fight with the Neapolitan gang (see figure 10).
Figure 10. The Gypsy Placing his Phone before the Fight
He looks confident with his super powers while he is listening to “Ti
Stringerò” which is another song, this time from the 90s symbol of the trash culture.
Furthermore for most of the length of the scene the music is loud until he kills all
Nunzia affiliates, from there on the music comes from the earplugs while the Gypsy is
dancing and playing with his prey.
“Di
Nuovo
Solo”/
“Hiroshi
Shiba”
In this scene, the audience can see Enzo walking alone after Alessia’s death
and it is possible to hear a low pad, plus the same piano phrase that appeared in
“Lontani”. At some point two policemen see him in the field and they cause an
accident, while looking at him. They go back by car and a woman driving with her
daughter gets distracted, by the same pink balloon the audience saw, in the scene after
the changing room. However, the policemen are able to rescue just the mother from
the car before an explosion but a few seconds later, they realize her daughter is still
21
trapped in the car. So Enzo goes back to the fire and he takes the daughter out of the
vehicle before a bigger explosion, and he brings her to her mother saving her life.
Cue
Analysis
A pad starts playing smoothly when mother and daughter hug each other, then
the woman hugs Enzo to thank him and the piano starts playing. The melody reminds
me of the main theme but it does not play it fully. Once Enzo hugs her back the
spectator can hear a melody, which sounds like a mix of the love theme and the hero
theme, there are some flashbacks of Alessia. Indeed the composers mix the two
melodies because Alessia always pushed Enzo to a better life, to use his super powers
for good reasons. Indeed Enzo even physically is the opposite of the idea of the
American hero. He grew up in the dirt and he looks like a bear, he is huge but not
with defined muscles. He has always been a thief and even after getting his super
powers he was using them for bad reasons. Enzo was selfish. He used to hate
everybody and did not know how to love. Although Alessia saved him from his
despair and in this scene he finally accepts to be a super hero, somehow overcoming
Alessia’s death. When he looks around a string section comes in gently, giving a
sense of hope. It actually reminds me of “Rise” from the Dark Knight Rises.
“Acchiappa
lo
Zingaro”
Enzo arrived to the Olympic Stadium and he finds out the Gypsy wants to
make the stadium explode during the football match between Roma and Lazio. They
start fighting but suddenly the villain grabs his phone, which is the detonator and he
runs away.
22
Cue
Analysis
Section
A
The cue starts with a distorted bass kick drums, in the shot where there are
policemen receiving the call about the Gypsy, and then a low pad comes in. Then
there is Enzo chasing his enemy and a dynamic arpeggiator starts playing. When the
villain gets rid of a person from his way another brighter arpeggiator comes in. The
music stops abruptly when Enzo arrives to the terraces where Roma supporters are
(see figure 11).
Figure
11.
Enzo
Arrives
to
the
Terrace
Section
B
He looks around and a low synth comes back along with the kick drum when
he finds the Gypsy disguised in the crowd. They start fighting again and the music
stops. Right after Enzo breaks the phone but the Gypsy throws him away and he
jumps out of the stadium.
Section
C
A bass re-starts the piece along with the kick and the low pad. However, Enzo
follows the Gypsy and the kick becomes more intense, until he jumps from the top of
23
the stadium and everything stops except for the synthesizer, which is filtered before
fading away.
“Conto
alla
Rovescia”
Cue
Analysis
Section
A
Enzo finds the Gypsy setting the bomb manually in an ambulance. At the
beginning there are only some pads but when the villain fades away an interesting low
analogical synthy arpeggiator starts playing almost following the beep of the bomb
alarm. Enzo jumps into the ambulance to drive the bomb far away, when a low
register piano phrase comes in, like a hammer. When Enzo inserts the key some high
frequency percussions come in along with some Dhols placed far in the mix. He
finally leaves the stadium and a lower analogical synthy arpeggiator becomes a part of
the composition.
Section
B
Suddenly everything stops right when the police block Enzo. A low synth
keeps playing and an arpeggiator starts rising smoothly to build the tension up. Enzo
tells the police to go away because he has to get rid of a bomb but they do no let him
pass. Therefore he goes back with his head into the ambulance and the piano comes
back. He decides to use the ambulance as a shield pushing it to the police (see figure
24
12).
Figure 12.
Enzo Using his Ambulance as a Shield
Another brighter arpeggiator builds up the tension when the audience see the
police looking at what happens, acting almost as a riser. At some point there is Enzo
pushing the car and another stronger arpeggiator jumps in. While he is running away
with the bomb it is possible to notice some low strings playing tremolo and the
brighter arpeggiator in contrast to the stronger one. The low strings go up
chromatically and when he arrives to the bridge to throw away the bomb into the river
some high strings come in. The music stops abruptly when the villain appears to stop
him.
Section
C
Enzo is on the ground while the Gypsy reaches the bomb and some low synths
start playing along with the super hero theme played by the piano. However right
when he gets up to catch his enemy, an ostinato played by low strings along with
some Taikos begins. The high strings come in right afterwards before the music stops
when they both fall into the river. This cue reminds of “Why do we fall” from Super
Man of Steel.
25
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in
the cue “Conto alla Rovescia”
layer wise:
Table
6.
Conto
alla
Rovescia
Background
Middleground
Foreground
Pads
Bright Arpeggiator
Piano
Low Arpeggiator
Mid Range Arpegg.
Tremolo
Low Strings
High Strings
Percussions
Taikos
“Super
Eroe”
Cue
Analysis
The cue stats with soundscaping pads, and after a while we finally have the
piano theme and an arpeggiator rising slowly from the bottom moving the cutoff.
Some epic Dhols play the entrance of a more intense section where a more dynamic
arpeggiator comes in. A distorted synth playing an ostinato (Cinematic guitars) rises
from the bottom. The intensity goes higher and higher until a riser introduces the main
section of the cue. The piano is right in front of the mix playing the theme, whereas
some highs strings are playing an ostinato, which makes us feel like we are flying.
The distorted synth keeps playing in the centre and the violins 2 play a countermelody
on the right. We also have some electronic percussion placed loudly in the mix. Then
the piano splits up in three parts: Two become different ostinatos similar to the high
strings ones, whereas the third one plays the second motive that appeared previously
in the main title. Suddenly everything stops except for the piano, which plays the
theme again.
26
In the following list I analyse the structure of the cue “Super Eroe” with sections
(bolded) and transitions (italics):
•
Intro
o Percussion
•
Section A
o Riser
•
Main Section
o Riser
•
Outro
In the following table I analyse the function of every instrument included in the
cue “Super Eroe”
layer wise:
Table 7. Super Eroe
Background
Middleground
Foreground
Pads
Piano 2 counterpoint
Piano 1 Theme
Epic Dhols
Piano 3 counterpoint
Electronic Perc
Violin 1
Riser
Violin 2
Dynamic Arpeg.
Dystortet Synth
27
Production
and
Prizes
As Mainetti declared during his many interviews, at the beginning he could
not even find a producer for his movie because in Italy these types of movies are
uncommon. There has never been a superhero movie set in Rome with a roman
accent. He eventually found someone who could help him produce it. In the end, the
movie received 16 nominations for the David of Donatello and won 7 statues. It is
unbelievable that one of them was best producer. This prize was the right honour for
Mainetti braveness, as he refused to give up on his goal.
28
Appendix
A.
Interview
with
Michele
Braga
First of all, I was wondering if you create your own sound design starting either from
analog synthesizers to tweak afterwards or from pre-existing libraries?
It depends on what kind of project and soundtrack I’m making, above all
on the time I have to compose it. There are many virtual synth and plug
ins, which emulate traditional synths (for instance: Arturia, Omnisphere,
and many others). Personally speaking I really the analogical sound,
indeed in my own set up I have a Korg Polysix and a Roland Juno 6,
which I try to use whenever I can. Even for drum machine sounds, I
always try to start from unique timbre, which I filter depending on the
scenario I am dealing with.
In a interview you had with “Rolling Stone” magazine you mentioned that John
Carpenter was your main inspiration for this this soundtrack. Although I was
wondering if you had any other reference in order to make the “Jeeg” sound and how
you ended up to make your original one.
Surely Carpenter has been one of our inspirations for the simplicity and
minimalism of his themes. However we tried to undertake many ways,
always subtracting to avoid the abundance of arrangements way too
Hollywood like, which would have sounded completely out of context.
Thus we decided to focus mainly on electronic sounds, sharing our setup,
sending to each other our ideas over and over again.
Who decided to have a very clear theme for the main character and for the couple?
Furthermore why did not you compose one for the villain? Did you try to characterize
him though 80s music?
29
Yes indeed! Gabriele Mainetti during the script writing process had the
idea to characterize the Gypsy through 80s music. Moreover he was
actually inspired by the character Ziggy Sturdust from David Bowie.
Indeed the villain takes his look from Anna Oxa, especially from her first
appearance at “San Remo” music festival. Anyway Enzo’s theme is surely
very characterizing, it smoothly appears into the whole length of the
movie to finally explode at the end. Right when Enzo Ceccotti becomes
fully aware of his gift, and he understands that with great power comes
great responsibility. Whereas, I think Alessia and Enzo theme has been
the first piece Mainetti composed. When I joined this project this cue was
already, right in the Luna Park scene. Then we chose to utilize it in many
ways where we had scenes, which included Enzo and Alessia, thus it
automatically became their theme.
Did you use any temp track?
I joined the project during the post-production and picture was almost
locked. Gabriele had to prepare many projections for distributors and
festival directors. Therefore he approved several temp tracks to make it
more effective. However the film already included some original cues
composed by him, some of them has been included into the final version
of the movie as “Enzo and Alessia” theme.
30
Appendix
B.
Themes’
Transcriptions
31
32
References
“Basette”, YouTube video, 16:38, posted by Goon Films, February 23, 2012, accessed
June 22, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMs7lQt9DsA.
Braga Michele, interview by Gianmaria Tammaro, “Rabbia, pugni e cuore nella colonna
sonora di “Lo Chiamavano Jeeg Robot”, Rolling Stone Italia March 23, 2016,
accessed June 22, 2017,
http://www.rollingstone.it/musica/interviste-musica/la-colonna-sonora-piena-dirabbia-pugni-e-cuore-di-lo-chiamavano-jeeg-robot/2016-03-23/.
“Lo Chiamavano Jeeg Robot”, directed by Gabriele Mainetti, featuring (Claudio
Santamaria, Luca Marinelli, Ilenia Pastorelli), (Goon Films 2016), Blue Ray
(Lucky Red 2016).
“Lo Chiamavano Jeeg Robot” Spotify music soundtrack, 54 minutes, posted by Goon
Films, 2016, accessed June 22, 2017, spotify:track:1p3Rqo0z8yfT14NrE1lQIL.
“The Dark Knight Rises”, Spotify music soundtrak, 51 minutes, posted by Water Tower
Music
2012, accessed June 22, 2017,
https://open.spotify.com/album/3sGDniFo4e5r0bwmSL2upZ.
“Lost Themes Two”, Spotify album, 47 minutes, posted by Sacred Bone Records 2016,
accessed June 22, 2017,
https://open.spotify.com/album/3TOEqLzKnG2Jg3oftnJFyS.
“Lost Themes Remixed”, Spotify album, 39 minutes, posted by Sacred Bones Records
2015, accessed June 22, 2017,
https://open.spotify.com/album/652HzqKKqQjpY660wsRIeQ.
“Man of Steel”, Spotify music soundtrack, 57 minutes, posted by Water Tower Music
2013, accessed June 22, 2017,
https://open.spotify.com/album/58oYx9zmSMuXpphmANvMHc.
Mechelli
Massimiliano,
message
to
Michele
Braga,
June,
22,
2017.
“The Revenant Original Motion Pitcure Soundtrack”, Spotify music soundtrack, 70
minutes, posted by New Regency 2016, accessed June 22, 2017,
https://open.spotify.com/album/3ebiXE1wKUYUB1pG4JS60N.
“Tiger Boy”, Vimeo video, 20:14, posted by Goon Films, November 3, 2015, accessed
June 22, 2017, https://vimeo.com/144552817.
33
